Corrections, Additional Rules, and Variants for GDW’s Trenchfoot
Christopher Salander

I. Rifle Adjustments

1.	BEF. All British riflemen firing in 1914 scenarios subtract one (-1) from their aimed fire hit roll to reflect their marksmanship.  Treat a result of 0 as a 1.

2.	French. The Lebel rifle described in the original rules is incorrect.  At the start of the war the French must use the original Lebel 1886 rifle.  This is still a bolt-action rifle with an 8 round magazine, but the magazine is a tube under the rifle barrel.  When using the Load plot, you must use: 1 turn per round.  The soldier can stop loading at any time and fire what he has, after a ReChamber action.

In 1915, that rifle was replaced by the Lebel-Berthier 1907/15, a bolt-action rifle with a three round magazine.  In 1916 the magazine was upgraded to hold 5 rounds.  Give your French units the correct rifle depending on the date of the scenario.

3.	Russian.  The rifle most commonly used by the Russians was the Moisin-Nagant M1891.  It was a bolt action rifle with a 5 round magazine.  Due to an armaments shortage, you may see the Russians fight with rifles from any of its allies, including the Japanese Arisaka.  But consider using the M1891 instead of the Winchester.

4.	American. All American riflemen subtract one (-1) from their aimed fire hit roll to reflect their marksmanship.  Treat a result of 0 as a 1. 

II. Cover and Movement Issues

Prone cover.  Treat ALL soldiers in the prone position who stay still as having ordinary cover, even if they are not in a shell crater.  Prone soldiers in craters who stay still are in excellent cover except against grenades and mortars.  “Staying still” means they do not Aim, Throw, Quick Fire, Stand Up, or move.

Trench edges.  Standing soldiers in a trench do not have any cover from enemy soldiers who are standing adjacent to that trench and have a line-of-sight to them.  Soldiers adjacent to a trench cannot melee with soldiers in the trench.  Either they must jump into the trench or the soldiers in the trench must come out.

Geronimo!  Soldiers who are performing a Trot or Run action who reach a trench edge before they have used up their movement points may immediately perform a Jump as part of their action for that turn.

Throwing a grenade while prone.  Grenades thrown while prone are limited to a 10 hex range and always have a 50% chance of scattering.  

III. Better and Worst Troops (Optional)

1.	Worst troops include: new recruits, Arab, Portuguese, and Rumanian soldiers, French & Turkish Reserves, Cossacks, Landwehr & militia.  Treat as demoralized.  +1 to all firing rolls.  –1 to all melee rolls.  They will not advance toward any enemy soldiers if they have five or more wound points.

2.	Better hand-to-hand fighters include: Gurkhas, Senegalese, North Africa natives (the tirailleurs, but not the zouves or light infantry).  +1 to melee roll.

3.	Troops with better morale: any Guard units, Scots, ANZAC, French Colonial units and the Foreign Legion, Jaegers, Stormtroopers, Alpini, Chasseurs Alpins, Arditi.  +1 to the To Slip roll. 

IV. Different Organizations (Optional)

1.	British “bombing party”, Allied trench raiders: 1 NCO, 2 grenadiers, 2 carriers, two “bayonet men”, two “spares”.  Designate the carriers with Grenade Bag counters made from the blank counters that come with the game.  The spares start as bayonet men (riflemen), but can become grenadiers as needed.  A new planned plot: Assume Load.  This causes a spare or a carrier to become a grenadier.  The rifleman selected changes status on the first turn after this order that he starts adjacent to a carrier.  A carrier can become a grenadier immediately, by changing his counter.  Spares and grenadiers can also be plotted to change to carriers, but they first must move next to the dead or wounded carrier’s location.  When carriers are killed, leave the Grenade Bag marker on the map.  Carriers are treated as unarmed.  If both carriers are killed, no more grenades can be thrown until the grenade bag is picked up by a live soldier.  

2.	Stormtroopers. Same as the bombing party, but no carriers.  Two-thirds of the soldiers in the unit (rounded down) are grenadiers.  Each squad has at least one Madsen or Bergmann light machine gun with a magazine. (Squads of 7 or more have two.)  +1 on the To Slip roll.  Possible use of body armor, infantry guns, and mortars.  Victory conditions for stormtrooper units should be based on exiting the opposite side of the map, behind the enemy trenches, regardless of whether or not all of the enemy soldiers have been eliminated.

3.	German Muskete battalion.  All LMGs, all the time.  1 NCO, 3 or more LMG pairs, 1 grenadier.  All LMGs are Bergman MG15s.  From 1916 on.  There were only two of these on the whole front.

V. Light Machine Guns (Expansion)

	All LMGs occur only in two man teams, a gunner and an ammo carrier.  These are two riflemen with an LMG counnter and an Ammo counter placed under them.  To perform a Load action, the gunner must be adjacent to the carrier and in the same posture (standing or prone).  All LMG Loads require three turns, because two people are involved.  Carriers are treated as unarmed. LMG gunners can only target one enemy soldier at a time.  No rechambering is required.  LMGs cannot make quick shots.  As for the BAR, the first die is rolled on the Rifle Aimed Fire column and the rest are rolled on the Rifle Quick Shot columns.  LMG gunners and carriers cannot be given Run plots.  LMG gunners are +1 for slipping.  LMG gunners and carriers have melee values of 1.

	If a carrier or gunner is killed, leave his weapon or ammo counter on the map.  A soldier can be plotted to move next to the counter and on the next action, Assume the Load.

	LMGs with belt ammunition supplies that are not being fired from a firing step can only be fired and loaded from a prone position, with the prone carrier in an adjacent hex.  Gunners holding LMGs with magazines can fire while away from the ammo carrier, but must move adjacent to the carrier to reload.  Also, LMGs with belt ammunition supplies will not run out of ammunition during a scenario unless you are using the optional partial magazine load rule.

Weapon	Magazine Size	    Shots/turn	Reload		Notes
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chauchat		24		3	3 turns		French, U.S., special rules
Lewis			48		6	3 turns		British

Bergmann MG15	belt		4	3 turns		German, Austrian, rare
Bergmann MP18	32		4	3 turns		German, 1918 only, rare
Madsen		24		4	3 turns		German, Austrian, rare, *
Maxim MG08/15	belt		6	3 turns		German, Austrian
*Present in the Russo-Japanese War.

Chauchat Special Rules

	The CSRG Fusil Mitrailleur M15 (A.K.A. the “Chauchat”) was notoriously badly built, having a violent recoil and jamming frequently.  When using this weapon, use these two rules: 1) Add one (+1) to firing rolls.  2) When you roll a 1 on the die for firing, the gun has jammed.  To clear the jam, the gunner must perform three ReChamber actions.

	Except for a rare Chauchat or Lewis, LMGs should not be used in scenarios before 1916.

VI. Heavy Machine Guns (Expansion)

	Heavy MGs are too powerful for the scale of this game, but here are rules for them.  Use no more than one HMG per scenario. Give the opposing side (i.e., the attacker) three to four times as many men as the side with the HMG.  For simplicity, HMGs will never move during the course of a scenario.  This includes pulling the HMG out of its firing step to point it down the trench!  Treat HMGs exactly like LMGs, but HMGs can target up to four different enemy soldiers within 6 hexes from the leftmost to the rightmost soldier and the ammo carrier affects its rate of fire.  Except for the loading of the 1914 Hotchkiss and St. Etienne HMGs, all nations’ HMGs behave the same way.

	All fully crewed HMGs may fire up to 12 rounds each turn.  These 12 rounds can be applied to any one enemy soldier and up to three more enemy soldiers within 6 hexes to one side of the first soldier in one of the following patterns: 12 rounds at 1 soldier, 6 rounds each at 2 soldiers, 4 each at 3 or 3 each at 4, gunner’s choice.  All HMG shots are rolled on the Rifle Quick Shot columns.  If the ammo carrier is not adjacent to the HMG, its rate of fire drops to 6 rounds per turn, with a maximum of three targets.  HMG teams may have spare ammo carriers beyond the first one who can automatically take over the role of carrier or gunner.  Soldiers who are not part of the original gun team cannot operate an HMG, unless the scenario rules allow for such heroic skill.

Loading 1914 French machine guns: The French started WWI with HMGs that were loaded with rounds from small metal trays, or strips.  By 1915 they had converted to belts.  Until then, treat all French HMGs as having a 24 round magazine.  Loading is 2 turns, and the ammo carrier must be adjacent.

VII. Optional LMG (and HMG) Rules

	Variable Ammo. For fun and variety, start scenarios with part of the LMG (or HMG) magazine or belt already expended.  Roll 1d6.  Each pip represents 1/6th of the magazine supply.  Thus a 6 means that the magazine starts out full, and a 1 for a Lewis LMG means that the magazine has only 8 rounds left in it.  For a belt-fed weapon, use a full magazine supply of 240 rounds.

	Variable Jamming. Any time an HMG rolls two 1s for firing in the same turn, it jams.  When an Chauchat or an HMG jams, the number of turns the gunner must execute a ReChamber action is determined by a die roll.  To add tension, roll 1d6 for each turn that the gunner performs the RC.  The gun does not become unjammed until the die roll is equal to or less than the number of RCs performed (i.e., if the gunner rolls a 2 after the third RC, the gun is unjammed).

	Cowboy Style.  LMGs with magazines (NOT belt-fed) can be fired while the gunner is standing still (away from a trench firing step).  All of the shots are rolled on the Rifle Quick Shot columns.

VIII. Increased Effects of Wound Level (Optional)

0 – 3: No effect.
4 – 6: No Jump or Run actions.  –1 in melee, +1 in firing
7 – 9: No Jump, Run or Trot actions.  –2 in melee, +2 in firing
10: Dead.

IX. Storming Weapons (Expansion)

Body armor.  Some stormtroopers and snipers wore this.  Treat the soldier as if he is in excellent cover (as if he is standing on a fire step) at all times.  This soldier cannot Run.
He is –1 for slipping and needs two turns to stand up or get out of a trench.

Rifle grenades.  Replace one grenadier counter per scenario with an off-board rifle grenadier who cannot be shot at.  The rifle grenade behaves just like a grenade, except:
a) you can target any hex on the board; b) the grenade always scatters; c) instead of one Pull Pin action, a rifle grenadier must perfom one Load and one Aim action before each “Throw [Fire] Grenade” action.

Mortars.  Treat mortar shells like rifle grenades, but with more explosive power and a longer set-up time. The mortar shell detonates in the same phase that it is placed.   There is no chance to run away.  Use the grenade table for the explosion, but subtract 2 from the die roll, counting 0 and –1 as 1.  Mortars shooting at the same hex need two Load actions before they can fire again.  Mortars shooting at a different hex need two Aim and two Load actions before they can fire.  Use no more than one mortar per scenario.

Grenade Availability.  Only the Germans and the Russians had manufactured hand grenades in great enough quantities to provide a grenadier for any scenario set in 1914 and 1915.  By 1916 all nations can have as many grenadiers as the scenarios call for.  In 1915 French and British sections may have one grenadier who uses an improvised grenade.  Improvised grenades are +1 on the grenade explosion die roll.  Treat 7 as 6.

X. Scenario adjustment (Recommended)

Brusilov’s Offensive: One of the reasons that General Brusilov’s Offense was so successful was that he had his units dig saps from their trenches out into No Man’s Land (like the weapon pit).  This reduced the distance that the first Russian soldiers had to cover when they started the attack.  To reflect this, allow the attacking Russians to start the scenario in the three large craters that have only small puddles in them.

XI. Specific Formations (Optional)

	To more closely match historical events, attacking players can specify that their troops are in specific formations that were used in WWI.  When following these rules, treat MG crew pairs as a single figure.  

1.	Skirmish Line: The attacking soldiers form a single line, right to left, with at least three empty hexes between adjacent soldiers. The wide spread of soldiers creates command and control problems, so this formation should be limited to just light troops (Jaegers and Chasseurs) and the best sort of regular troops.

2.	Firing Line: The most common formation.  No more than one empty hex between any two soldiers and no soldier in another’s cone of aimed fire.

3.	Assault Column: Only one empty hex between any two soldiers.  After the first four soldiers, the next four are lined up behind the first four (two hexes back), and so on until the whole attacking unit is on the map.  Required for German Guard and Reserve units in 1914 and American units in 1918.  Only one plot has to be written for all of the troops who remain in the column formation.

4.	Artillery Formation: Adopted when an artillery bombardment is expected.  For a Firing Line, move every other figure back three hexes.  Keep at least four empty hexes between successive assault waves.  For an Assault Column,  shift every other row of soldiers to the right, creating a checkerboard formation.

Designer Notes

	Rifles. Because Springfield was unable to keep up with the demand for rifles when the U.S. Army expanded for WWI, most of the American soldiers in France used an SMLE bolt-action rifle bored to take American ammunition.  Since this rifle also had a 5 round magazine, in the context of the game there is no difference between it and the Springfield Model 1903.  

Morale. The increased chance of slipping with poorer morale reflects the tendency of the soldiers to stop advancing and to drop into cover.  It does not mean that they were clumsier.  You can apply the morale variants to different situations, such as when Slavic troops in the Austro-Hungarian army were asked to attack Russians, or when Indian troops were sent to the Western Front in the winter.

	MGs & Ammo.  Use the extra blank counters that come with the game to create gun and ammo/grenade markers.  Place the extra weapon or load counters under the soldier counters. Historically, LMGs were distributed at a rate of one per platoon, so try not to have more than one per scenario.  For simplicity, we will consider only British, American, & French units, and German & Austrian stormtrooper and Muskete units to have LMGs, and only from 1916 on.

	In the scale of this game, an HMG will have distinct blind spots to the left and right, outside its cone of fire.  (Remember, no quick shots with MGs.)  Expect attackers to spread out and head for those locations.  HMG teams often numbered 4 to 6 men, who were needed just to carry all the equipment when they moved.
	
	1914.   Trying playing 1914 scenarios on a map with trees and hills and without trenches or craters.  Also, if you apply the rifle corrections and the HMG rules, you will see why the French were out-shot by the Germans in early firefights.  German soldiers would wait for the French HMGs to start reloading before they would stand up and rush forward.

	Shoulds and Musts. If you are only going to use a few rules, please use the cover rules and the wound rules.  It makes no sense for someone who is prone to be as easy to hit as someone who is standing up.  And I became tired of shoot-outs in the trenches where badly wounded soldiers could shoot as well as their healthy opponents.  

	And so on . . .  You can keep adding rules to Trenchfoot, but at some point either the game system will break down under the weight of all of the additions, or it will become a different game.  Other possible additions include strongpoints and pillboxes, and infanry guns and tanks for knocking out the same.  For this, I recommend that you try the most excellent game Landships, from Clash of Arms.